Matrix Management
Business Expansion Matrix With Level Of Internationalization Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Outline Information
Presenting this set of slides with name business expansion matrix with level of internationalization ppt powerpoint presentation outline information. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are diversification, level of specialization, specialization, domestic level, internationalization, international, diversification in domestic market, expansion and diversification in overseas market. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Competitive Analysis Matrix With Cost Focus Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Good PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name competitive analysis matrix with cost focus ppt powerpoint presentation good pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are cost leadership, differentiation leadership, cost focus, differentiation focus, broad, narrow, markets where business competes, source of competitive advantage, differentiation, costs. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Competitive Matrix Example With Cost Leadership Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Infographics Show PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name competitive matrix example with cost leadership ppt powerpoint presentation infographics show pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are lower cost, differentiation, cost leadership, cost focus, cost leadership, competitive scope, competitive advantage, broad target, narrow target. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Creating The Best Sales Strategy For Your Business Sales Priority Matrix Ppt Infographics Files PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name creating the best sales strategy for your business sales priority matrix ppt infographics files pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are high value, still qualifying, high value, likely to close, moderate value, likely to close, unknown value, early qualification. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Service Strategy And Service Lifecycle Implementation Service Ideas Prioritization Matrix Ppt Styles Example PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name service strategy and service lifecycle implementation service ideas prioritization matrix ppt styles example pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are cost, value, refine these more value, risky but worthy, drop these, high, low. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Main Revenues Progress Levers For Each Firm And Sector Sales Priority Matrix Ppt Layouts Diagrams PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name main revenues progress levers for each firm and sector sales priority matrix ppt layouts diagrams pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are high value, still qualifying, high value, likely to close, unknown value, early qualification, moderate value, likely to close. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Optimizing Marketing Channel For Profit Increment Sales Priority Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Ideas Files PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name optimizing marketing channel for profit increment sales priority matrix ppt powerpoint presentation ideas files pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are high value, still qualifying, high value, likely close, unknown value, early qualification, moderate value, likely close. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Ways To Design Impactful Trading Solution Sales Priority Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Inspiration Guide PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name ways to design impactful trading solution sales priority matrix ppt powerpoint presentation inspiration guide pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are high value, still qualifying, high value, likely to close, unknown value, early qualification, moderate value, likely to clos. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Internal And External Data Sources Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Summary Inspiration PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name internal and external data sources matrix ppt powerpoint presentation summary inspiration pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are social media, sensor data, credit history, travel history, online forums, web feeds, crm, sales record. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Bubble Diagram Priority Matrix With Key Tasks Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Outline Tips PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name bubble diagram priority matrix with key tasks ppt powerpoint presentation outline tips pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are key tasks, ignore, prioritize, must be done right away, give to others in team. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Crm Matrix With High And Low Proximity Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Professional Background Image PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name crm matrix with high and low proximity ppt powerpoint presentation professional background image pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are single time customers, loyal customers, disloyal customers, gold diggers, proximity low, proximity high. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Personality Traits Matrix With Self Contained Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Slides Background Designs PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name personality traits matrix with self contained ppt powerpoint presentation slides background designs pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are personality a trait, personality b trait, personality c trait, personality d trait, self contained, open. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
CRM For Real Estate Marketing Sales Priority Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Ideas Display PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name crm for real estate marketing sales priority matrix ppt powerpoint presentation ideas display pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are high value, still qualifying, high value, likely to close, unknown value, early qualification, moderate value, likely to close. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Customer Value Perception Matrix With Potential Impact Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Pictures Ideas PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name customer value perception matrix with potential impact ppt powerpoint presentation pictures ideas pdf. This is a one stage process. The stages in this process are new core product, new benefits, improvement, variant radical, next generation, incremental, base, cost, target market, potential impact, breakthrough, platform, derivative, brand support. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Developing Product Planning Strategies Product Ideas Prioritization Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Show Elements PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name developing product planning strategies product ideas prioritization matrix ppt powerpoint presentation show elements pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are refine these more value, drop these, risky worthy, go it, high, value, cost. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Dissolution Matrix With Manner And Cause Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Layouts Graphics Tutorials PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name dissolution matrix with manner and cause ppt powerpoint presentation layouts graphics tutorials pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are internal factors, external factors, manner of dissolution, unplanned dissolution, planned dissolution, causes of dissolution. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
New Product Introduction In The Market Product Innovation Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Pictures Format Ideas PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name new product introduction in the market product innovation matrix ppt powerpoint presentation pictures format ideas pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are expand market, innovation, grow market share, introduce adjacent products, product, existing. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Matrix For Business Strategy Planning Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Outline Templates PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name matrix for business strategy planning ppt powerpoint presentation outline templates pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are ineffectively, effectively, strategy, doing the right things, die slowly, die quickly, thrive, survive, inefficiency, efficiency, tactics. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Action Priority Matrix With High And Low Levels Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Templates PDF
Persuade your audience using this action priority matrix with high and low levels ppt powerpoint presentation templates pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including high effort, low impact, high effort, high impact, low effort, low impact, low effort, high impact. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Firm Project Prioritization And Selection Lean Prioritization 2X2 Matrix Technique Mockup PDF
This is a firm project prioritization and selection lean prioritization 2x2 matrix technique mockup pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on four stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like plan, priority, effort. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.
Prioritisation Matrix With Plan To Do Asap Ppt PowerPoint Presentation File Guidelines PDF
Persuade your audience using this prioritisation matrix with plan to do asap ppt powerpoint presentation file guidelines pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including do immediately, plan to do asap, delegate, eliminate or postpone. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Employee Engagement And Satisfaction Matrix With Key Drivers Ppt PowerPoint Presentation File Topics PDF
Persuade your audience using this employee engagement and satisfaction matrix with key drivers ppt powerpoint presentation file topics pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including investment, monitor, recruiting. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Growth Matrix For Retail Industry Data Analysis With Diversification Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Pictures Microsoft Pdf
Presenting growth matrix for retail industry data analysis with diversification ppt powerpoint presentation pictures microsoft pdf to dispense important information. This template comprises four stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including market penetration, concept development, diversification, market development, present retail concept format, present customer profiles, new customer profiles. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.
Employee Career Succession And Growth Planning Talent Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Gallery Files PDF
Persuade your audience using this employee career succession and growth planning talent matrix ppt powerpoint presentation gallery files pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including potential, performance, develop. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Major Projects Effort Prioritization Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Inspiration Infographics PDF
Persuade your audience using this major projects effort prioritization matrix ppt powerpoint presentation inspiration infographics pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including Low Effect, High Effect, High Impact, Low Impact. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
BCG Matrix With Market Growth Rate Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Gallery Layout Ideas PDF
Persuade your audience using this bcg matrix with market growth rate ppt powerpoint presentation gallery layout ideas pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including strategy, growth, market. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Product Matrix With Key Differentiators Ppt PowerPoint Presentation File Slide Portrait PDF
Persuade your audience using this product matrix with key differentiators ppt powerpoint presentation file slide portrait pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including liabilities, differentiators, performance. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Finding And Suggestions Matrix For Content Promotion Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Ideas Slideshow PDF
Persuade your audience using this finding and suggestions matrix for content promotion ppt powerpoint presentation ideas slideshow pdf. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including personalized experience, recommendation. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Talent Analysis Matrix Based On Performance Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Gallery Clipart PDF
Persuade your audience using this talent analysis matrix based on performance ppt powerpoint presentation gallery clipart pdf. This PPT design covers one stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including low potential, medium potential, high potential, performance, exceeds, meets, below. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Sprint Retrospective Matrix To Examine Meeting Process Ppt Portfolio Visuals PDF
This slide covers the matrix showing the examination of process by scum sprint retrospective team. It includes four basic questions such as what went well and less, what to try next and what puzzles the team. Persuade your audience using this Sprint Retrospective Matrix To Examine Meeting Process Ppt Portfolio Visuals PDF. This PPT design covers four stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including Market Team, Release Deployment Woes, Final Release Delayed. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Sprint Retrospective Inspection Matrix With Action Plan Ppt Layouts Example PDF
This slide represents the matrix showing scrum sprint retrospective. It includes the tasks which went well and in which improvement is required along with action items. Presenting Sprint Retrospective Inspection Matrix With Action Plan Ppt Layouts Example PDF to dispense important information. This template comprises three stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including Good Collaboration, Team Members, Improvement Code Base. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.
Logistics Management Services Inventory Management Diagrams PDF
Presenting logistics management services inventory management diagrams pdf to provide visual cues and insights. Share and navigate important information on three stages that need your due attention. This template can be used to pitch topics like bi level optimization, stochastic modeling, uncertainty modeling. In addtion, this PPT design contains high resolution images, graphics, etc, that are easily editable and available for immediate download.
Prioritisation Matrix With Important And Urgent Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Pictures Icons PDF
Presenting prioritisation matrix with important and urgent ppt powerpoint presentation pictures icons pdf to dispense important information. This template comprises four stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including mention the tasks that needs to be done right away, mention the tasks that are planned to be done asap, mention the tasks to be delegated, mention the tasks can be postponed. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.
4 Box Matrix To Assess Employee Past Performance Ppt Outline Ideas PDF
This slide showcases 4 box grid that can help organization to evaluate the underperforming employees and future leaders in organization. It can also help to analyze the performance and potential of workforce in company. Persuade your audience using this 4 Box Matrix To Assess Employee Past Performance Ppt Outline Ideas PDF. This PPT design covers one stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including New Employee, Future Leader, Under Performer, Solid Professional. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.
Successful Risk Administration Risk Assessment Matrix In Real Estate Project Download PDF
Coming up with a presentation necessitates that the majority of the effort goes into the content and the message you intend to convey. The visuals of a PowerPoint presentation can only be effective if it supplements and supports the story that is being told. Keeping this in mind our experts created Successful Risk Administration Risk Assessment Matrix In Real Estate Project Download PDF to reduce the time that goes into designing the presentation. This way, you can concentrate on the message while our designers take care of providing you with the right template for the situation.
Principles Lean Manufacturing Market Segmentation Money Flow Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Outline Graphic Images
This is a principles lean manufacturing market segmentation money flow matrix ppt powerpoint presentation outline graphic images. This is a six stage process. The stages in this process are principles lean manufacturing, market segmentation, money flow matrix.
Business Matrix With Star And Key Icons Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Pictures Vector PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name business matrix with star and key icons ppt powerpoint presentation pictures vector pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are business matrix with star and key icons. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Project Quality Planning And Controlling Risk Assessment Matrix Ppt Infographics Portrait PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name project quality planning and controlling risk assessment matrix ppt infographics portrait pdf. This is a eight stage process. The stages in this process are risk assessment matrix. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Sector Wise Escalation Grid Escalation Matrix Template For School College And Universities Inspiration PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name sector wise escalation grid escalation matrix template for school college and universities inspiration pdf. This is a one stage process. The stages in this process are escalation matrix, school, college, universities. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Implementing Human Resources HR Best Practices Strategy Matrix Organizational Structure Portrait PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name implementing human resources hr best practices strategy matrix organizational structure portrait pdf. This is a eight stage process. The stages in this process are customer project, matrix organizational structure. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Person Working On Self Improvement Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Gallery Good PDF
Presenting person working on self improvement matrix ppt powerpoint presentation gallery good pdf to dispense important information. This template comprises two stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including person working on self improvement matrix. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.
Team Building And Group Development Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Pictures Designs PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name team building and group development matrix ppt powerpoint presentation pictures designs pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are team building and group development matrix. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Matrix Of Global Revenue With Service Lines Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Styles Picture PDF
Presenting this set of slides with name matrix of global revenue with service lines ppt powerpoint presentation styles picture pdf. This is a six stage process. The stages in this process are global headcount, matrix global revenue, service lines. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.
Risk Control Matrix Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Inspiration Background Image Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Inspiration Templates
This is a risk control matrix ppt powerpoint presentation inspiration background image ppt powerpoint presentation inspiration templates. This is a eight stage process. The stages in this process are business, management, planning, strategy, marketing.
Skill Matrix With Proficiency Level Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Model Background Designs
This is a skill matrix with proficiency level ppt powerpoint presentation model background designs. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are compare, table, business, management, planning.
BPR To Develop Operational Effectiveness Prioritization Matrix To Determine Improvement Areas Summary PDF
This slide shows the prioritization matrix to determine improvement areas which covers solutions such as efficient inventory management system, consolidation of administrative activities, task delegation based on capabilities, etc. Get a simple yet stunning designed BPR To Develop Operational Effectiveness Prioritization Matrix To Determine Improvement Areas Summary PDF. It is the best one to establish the tone in your meetings. It is an excellent way to make your presentations highly effective. So, download this PPT today from Slidegeeks and see the positive impacts. Our easy to edit BPR To Develop Operational Effectiveness Prioritization Matrix To Determine Improvement Areas Summary PDF can be your go to option for all upcoming conferences and meetings. So, what are you waiting for Grab this template today.
Skill Matrix By Score Level Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Ideas Background Designs
This is a skill matrix by score level ppt powerpoint presentation ideas background designs. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are compare, table, business, management, planning.
Skill Matrix In IT Industry Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Infographic Template Graphic Images
This is a skill matrix in it industry ppt powerpoint presentation infographic template graphic images. This is a six stage process. The stages in this process are table, marketing, business, management, planning, strategy.
Skill Matrix With Proficiency Level Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Infographic Template Brochure
This is a skill matrix with proficiency level ppt powerpoint presentation infographic template brochure. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are table, marketing, business, management, planning, strategy.
Skill Matrix By Job Role Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Portfolio Example Topics
This is a skill matrix by job role ppt powerpoint presentation portfolio example topics. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are compare, table, business, management, planning.
Project Team Skills Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Infographic Template Graphics Design
This is a project team skills matrix ppt powerpoint presentation infographic template graphics design. This is a seven stage process. The stages in this process are management, marketing, business, compare.
Shareholder Valuation Importance And Influence Matrix Stakeholder Capitalism For Long Term Value Addition Download PDF
This slide shows the Shareholder valuation importance and influence matrix such as high importance, low influence Shareholders, etc. This is a shareholder valuation importance and influence matrix stakeholder capitalism for long term value addition download pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on four stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like shareholder valuation importance and influence matrix. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.
Manufacturing Operation Quality Improvement Practices Tools Templates 3 3 Outsourcing And Decision Matrix Designs PDF
Purpose of the following slide is to show the 3 by 3 matrix that displays the key options and various decisions that organization has to take to optimize the work process. This is a manufacturing operation quality improvement practices tools templates 3 3 outsourcing and decision matrix designs pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on nine stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like 3 3 outsourcing and decision matrix. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.
Developing Firm Security Strategy Plan Risk Assessment Matrix With Severity And Likelihood Portrait PDF
The risk assessment matrix is an effective tool that helps in evaluating risk by considering the probability of risk to happen against the severity linked with potential risk available. This is a developing firm security strategy plan risk assessment matrix with severity and likelihood portrait pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on four stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like risk assessment matrix with severity and likelihood. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.
BCG Matrix To Evaluate Market Pricing Strategy Product Pricing Strategic Guide Portrait PDF
This template covers the boston consultancy group matrix which focuses on star, question mark, cash flow, and dog to evaluate market pricing strategy.Create an editable BCG Matrix To Evaluate Market Pricing Strategy Product Pricing Strategic Guide Portrait PDF that communicates your idea and engages your audience. Whether you are presenting a business or an educational presentation, pre-designed presentation templates help save time. BCG Matrix To Evaluate Market Pricing Strategy Product Pricing Strategic Guide Portrait PDF is highly customizable and very easy to edit, covering many different styles from creative to business presentations. Slidegeeks has creative team members who have crafted amazing templates. So, go and get them without any delay.
Organizational Skills Program Matrix Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Infographic Template Design Inspiration
This is a organizational skills program matrix ppt powerpoint presentation infographic template design inspiration. This is a eight stage process. The stages in this process are schedulers, facility planners, production supervisor, marketing, planning.
Risk Response Control Matrix Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Summary Maker Cpb Pdf
Presenting this set of slides with name risk response control matrix ppt powerpoint presentation summary maker cpb pdf. This is an editable Powerpoint five stages graphic that deals with topics like risk response control matrix to help convey your message better graphically. This product is a premium product available for immediate download and is 100 percent editable in Powerpoint. Download this now and use it in your presentations to impress your audience.
Risk Probability And Impact Matrix Severity And Consequences Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Layouts Clipart
This is a risk probability and impact matrix severity and consequences ppt powerpoint presentation layouts clipart. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are analysis, observation, qualitative.
Competitive Analysis Template 8 Matrix Chart Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Show Outfit
This is a competitive analysis template 8 matrix chart ppt powerpoint presentation show outfit. This is a six stage process. The stages in this process are product quality, product fidelity, after sales service, customer service, price, shipping speed.
Project Requirements Tracking Matrix Product Development And Test Cases Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Outline File Formats
This is a project requirements tracking matrix product development and test cases ppt powerpoint presentation outline file formats. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are need, requirement, prerequisite.