Consumer Behaviour

This is a effectiveness measurement ppt powerpoint presentation professional slide. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, business, marketing, strategy, finance.

This is a our main goal ppt powerpoint presentation styles outfit. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, quality, success, business, marketing.

This is a our goal ppt powerpoint presentation outline mockup. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are our goal, awareness, quality, success, business.

This is a our goal ppt powerpoint presentation summary influencers. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, quality, success, business, icons.

This is a segmentation map ppt powerpoint presentation portfolio example. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are business, advertising awareness, loyalty, marketing, finance.

This is a cultural intelligence dimensional model ppt powerpoint presentation slides background. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, planning, checking.

This is a saas sale purchase ppt powerpoint presentation gallery professional. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, interest, evaluation, purchase, intent.

This is a saas sale template marketing ppt powerpoint presentation gallery sample. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, intent, evaluation, interest.

This is a three saas sales template ppt powerpoint presentation show guidelines. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, consideration, business, marketing.

Presenting this set of slides with name web banking for financial transactions competition benchmark ppt show mockup pdf. The topics discussed in these slides are revenue, customers count, net profit, customer satisfaction, product awareness. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

We present our international marketing concepts step circular demonstration of business diagram Powerpoint.Download our Advertising PowerPoint Templates because Our PowerPoint Templates and Slides will provide you the cutting edge. Slice through the doubts in the minds of your listeners. Download our Arrows PowerPoint Templates because It will Give impetus to the hopes of your colleagues. Our PowerPoint Templates and Slides will aid you in winning their trust. Download and present our Business PowerPoint Templates because Our PowerPoint Templates and Slides offer you the widest possible range of options. Use our Shapes PowerPoint Templates because Our PowerPoint Templates and Slides are created with admirable insight. Use them and give your group a sense of your logical mind. Present our Circle Charts PowerPoint Templates because It will Give impetus to the hopes of your colleagues. Our PowerPoint Templates and Slides will aid you in winning their trust.Use these PowerPoint slides for presentations relating to Arrow, Sketch, Website, Around, Mentoring, Circuits, Map, Corporate, Business, Comic, Concept, Vector, Line, Topic, Representation, Diagram, Circle, Guide, Catalyzing, Process, Marketing, Repeat, Continue, Mind, Management, Manage, Cycle, Steps, Illustration, Chart, Messenger, Project, Clipart, Center, Web, Guidelines, Plans, Public, Procedure, Organization, Commerce, Conceptual, Mindmap, Mind Mapping, Cartoon, Action, Button, Performance. The prominent colors used in the PowerPoint template are Blue, Gray, White. Be batman with our International Marketing Concepts Step Circular Demonstration Of Business Diagram PowerPoint. You will come out on top.

This slide presents statistics showing impact of appropriate customer segmentation and profiling on organization. It highlights information about customer churn rate, sales revenue, customer experience, targeting and positioning, recurring revenue, distribution channel, price optimization, brand awareness, etc.Take your projects to the next level with our ultimate collection of Customer Segmentation Key Statistics Highlights Ppt Layouts Graphics PDF. Slidegeeks has designed a range of layouts that are perfect for representing task or activity duration, keeping track of all your deadlines at a glance. Tailor these designs to your exact needs and give them a truly corporate look with your own brand colors they will make your projects stand out from the rest.

This slide covers the different marketing activities which includes brand awareness, acquisition, revenues, customer referrals and retention that will help company in effective brand building and better return on investments. Persuade your audience using this above the line and below the line marketing activities rules pdf. This PPT design covers five stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including brand awareness, revenue, customer referrals. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.

This slide exhibits goals of influencer marketing campaign that helps to increase brand identity and goodwill. It includes four objectives brand awareness, social engagement, conversions and customer insights. Presenting Four Goals Of Influencer Promotional And Marketing Campaign Inspiration PDF to dispense important information. This template comprises Four stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including Brand Awareness, Social Engagement, Customer Insights. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.

Presenting this set of slides with name goals setting ppt powerpoint presentation ideas pictures. This is a six stage process. The stages in this process are brand awareness, lead generation, customer loyalty, audience building, brand identity. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Deliver and pitch your topic in the best possible manner with this energy tracking device recognize achievements ppt powerpoint presentation ideas model pdf. Use them to share invaluable insights on awareness seminar, workshop, energy management user training, target group, topics and impress your audience. This template can be altered and modified as per your expectations. So, grab it now.

Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative tracking energy consumption implement action plan ppt file clipart images pdf bundle. Topics like communication plan, raise awareness, build capacity, motivate, track and monitor can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

Deliver an awe-inspiring pitch with this creative offline promotional strategy for new product radio marketing campaign proposal why us professional pdf bundle. Topics like strengths, strategies, growth, spread awareness can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

Deliver an awe-inspiring pitch with this creative project context and goals for campaign ppc and adwords services template pdf bundle. Topics like project context, goals, campaign ppc, marketing goals, build awareness, optimization campaign can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative managing companys online presence risk management action plan legal ideas pdf bundle. Topics like strategic, protection, compliance, awareness, collaboration can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

This slide shows that what is the reason behind the usage of social media platforms for product brand Advertising such as for Increasing Brand Awareness, generating leads, engagement with community etc. This is a digital marketing media goals with percentages portrait pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on four stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like increase brand awareness, sales lead generation, increase community engagement, grow our brands audience, increase web traffic. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.

The following slide displays a brand awareness dashboard as it highlights the key metrics for measuring brand awareness such as brand search, social media searches, links, brand and mentions. Deliver and pitch your topic in the best possible manner with this how make impactful product marketing message build product differentiation product performance dashboard with total revenues information pdf. Use them to share invaluable insights on social, organic, performance, traffic and impress your audience. This template can be altered and modified as per your expectations. So, grab it now.

The purpose of this slide is to highlight various KPIs which can be used by company to measure omnichannel retail marketing strategy. Brand awareness, conversions, retention and brand advocacy are some of the key KPIs which are mentioned in the slide. Showcasing this set of slides titled Kpis To Measure Multichannel Retail Marketing Strategy Elements PDF. The topics addressed in these templates are Brand Awareness, Conversions, Brand Advocacy. All the content presented in this PPT design is completely editable. Download it and make adjustments in color, background, font etc. as per your unique business setting.

This slide contains social media monthly targets to be accomplished by managers for improving business performance. It includes targets such as brand awareness, website traffic and brand engagement. Pitch your topic with ease and precision using this Monthly Social Media Goals To Increase Business Revenue Template Pdf. This layout presents information on Targets, Strategies, Key Performance Indicators. It is also available for immediate download and adjustment. So, changes can be made in the color, design, graphics or any other component to create a unique layout. This slide contains social media monthly targets to be accomplished by managers for improving business performance. It includes targets such as brand awareness, website traffic and brand engagement.

This slide shows social media influencer marketing campaign performance summary to help ensure increased brand awareness, brand loyalty and boost ROI, SEO. Showcasing this set of slides titled Social Media Influencer Advertising Campaign Summary Dashboard Formats Pdf. The topics addressed in these templates are Summary, Engagement, Demographics. All the content presented in this PPT design is completely editable. Download it and make adjustments in color, background, font etc. as per your unique business setting. This slide shows social media influencer marketing campaign performance summary to help ensure increased brand awareness, brand loyalty and boost ROI, SEO.

Purpose of the following slide is to provide an overview of online marketing strategy as a tool to increase company sales and increase brand awareness. This includes online platforms like e commerce sites, social media, company website etc. to gain customers online. Want to ace your presentation in front of a live audience. Our Online Marketing Techniques For Acquiring Clients Online Retail Marketing Overview And Purpose Ideas PDF can help you do that by engaging all the users towards you. Slidegeeks experts have put their efforts and expertise into creating these impeccable powerpoint presentations so that you can communicate your ideas clearly. Moreover, all the templates are customizable, and easy to edit and downloadable. Use these for both personal and commercial use.

Following slide showcases the key parameters that organizations should utilize for defining their video marketing goals, these parameters can be, brand awareness, product sales, engaging customers, creating new leads, providing product demo etc. Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative Youtube Advertising Strategy Playbook Defining The Objectives For Video Marketing Designs PDF bundle. Topics like Brand Awareness, Product Sales, Engaging Customer can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

Following slide showcases the key parameters that organizations should utilize for defining their video marketing goals, these parameters can be brand awareness, product sales, engaging customers, creating new leads, providing product demo etc.Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative Defining The Objectives For Video Marketing Playbook For Social Media Platform Video Marketing Mockup PDF bundle. Topics like Brand Awareness, Engaging Customer, Showing Product can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

This slide covers the communication delivery channels for cyber security awareness training for different departments target audience along with program topics. Deliver and pitch your topic in the best possible manner with this communication plan for cybersecurity events and incidents ppt icon good pdf. Use them to share invaluable insights on resources training, awareness training, cybersecurity and impress your audience. This template can be altered and modified as per your expectations. So, grab it now.

Presenting this set of slides with name client segmentation analysis customer segmentation layout ppt infographic template microsoft pdf. This is a two stage process. The stages in this process are target, market, percentage, aware, neutral. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Persuade your audience using this funnel showing customer purchase process ppt powerpoint presentation file icons pdf. This PPT design covers six stages, thus making it a great tool to use. It also caters to a variety of topics including consideration, awareness, evaluation. Download this PPT design now to present a convincing pitch that not only emphasizes the topic but also showcases your presentation skills.

The following slide highlights 12 functions of promotion and advising company to increase brand awareness. It includes key components like brand identification, information, persuasion, previewing new trends, demand encouragement, customer base, etc. Presenting Twelve Functions Of Advertising And Promotion Agency Guidelines PDF to dispense important information. This template comprises twelve stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including Demand Encouragement, Increase Brand Awareness, Pricing. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.

This is a sales promotion techniques powerpoint guide. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are attract customer, creating interest, encourage customer for buying, increase sales volume, building product awareness.

Following slide showcases seven steps process to develop public relation marketing strategy which can be used by business to increase customer retention rate. It includes steps such as define objectives, determine top players, develop content strategy, customized pitches, etc. Coming up with a presentation necessitates that the majority of the effort goes into the content and the message you intend to convey. The visuals of a PowerPoint presentation can only be effective if it supplements and supports the story that is being told. Keeping this in mind our experts created Steps To Build Public Relations Marketing Mix Communication Guide Client Topics Pdf to reduce the time that goes into designing the presentation. This way, you can concentrate on the message while our designers take care of providing you with the right template for the situation. Following slide showcases seven steps process to develop public relation marketing strategy which can be used by business to increase customer retention rate. It includes steps such as define objectives, determine top players, develop content strategy, customized pitches, etc.

The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc. Create an editable Build Ad Campaign Communication Leveraging Mobile Marketing Strategies Portrait Pdf that communicates your idea and engages your audience. Whether you are presenting a business or an educational presentation, pre designed presentation templates help save time. Build Ad Campaign Communication Leveraging Mobile Marketing Strategies Portrait Pdf is highly customizable and very easy to edit, covering many different styles from creative to business presentations. Slidegeeks has creative team members who have crafted amazing templates. So, go and get them without any delay. The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc.

The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc. Slidegeeks is one of the best resources for PowerPoint templates. You can download easily and regulate Leveraging Mobile Marketing Strategies Build Ad Campaign Communication Strategy Sample Pdf for your personal presentations from our wonderful collection. A few clicks is all it takes to discover and get the most relevant and appropriate templates. Use our Templates to add a unique zing and appeal to your presentation and meetings. All the slides are easy to edit and you can use them even for advertisement purposes. The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc.

The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc. Slidegeeks is one of the best resources for PowerPoint templates. You can download easily and regulate Mobile Ad Campaign Launch Strategy Build Ad Campaign Communication Strategy Icons Pdf for your personal presentations from our wonderful collection. A few clicks is all it takes to discover and get the most relevant and appropriate templates. Use our Templates to add a unique zing and appeal to your presentation and meetings. All the slides are easy to edit and you can use them even for advertisement purposes. The following slide depicts mobile ad campaign communication plan to update users and raise awareness. It includes elements such as product announcement, features, branding, awareness building sessions, target audience, frequency, deliverables etc.

Presenting this set of slides with name online banking administration procedure competition benchmark ppt pictures show pdf. The topics discussed in these slides are revenue, customer satisfaction, product awareness, parameters, net profit. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

This is a aida model ppt powerpoint presentation infographic template elements. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are awareness, interest, desire, action.

This is a improving client experience customer journey roadmap sample pdf template with various stages. Focus and dispense information on five stages using this creative set, that comes with editable features. It contains large content boxes to add your information on topics like awareness, consideration, purchase, service, loyalty expansion. You can also showcase facts, figures, and other relevant content using this PPT layout. Grab it now.

This slide represents the impact of campaign organized by the organization to heighten brand awareness, increase social community size and accurately target audiences. It shows details related to increase in social media aspects leads to increase in brand awareness etc. Want to ace your presentation in front of a live audience Our Integrating CRM Solution To Acquire Potential Customers Impact Of CRM Social Media Marketing Campaign On Enterprise Infographics PDF can help you do that by engaging all the users towards you. Slidegeeks experts have put their efforts and expertise into creating these impeccable powerpoint presentations so that you can communicate your ideas clearly. Moreover, all the templates are customizable, and easy to edit and downloadable. Use these for both personal and commercial use.

Mentioned slide provides insights into marketing communication strategies which can be used by business with respective communication channels to improve brand awareness. It includes key components such as advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion and public relation with respective media channels. Do you have an important presentation coming up Are you looking for something that will make your presentation stand out from the rest Look no further than Integration Of Marketing Strategies Marketing Mix Communication Guide Client Brochure Pdf. With our professional designs, you can trust that your presentation will pop and make delivering it a smooth process. And with Slidegeeks, you can trust that your presentation will be unique and memorable. So why wait Grab Integration Of Marketing Strategies Marketing Mix Communication Guide Client Brochure Pdf today and make your presentation stand out from the rest Mentioned slide provides insights into marketing communication strategies which can be used by business with respective communication channels to improve brand awareness. It includes key components such as advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion and public relation with respective media channels.

Following slide provides summary of advertising strategy which can be used by business for increase brand awareness. It includes key elements such as advertising strategy description, multiple advertising strategies and advertising of advertising strategies. Do you have to make sure that everyone on your team knows about any specific topic I yes, then you should give Overview Of Advertising Strategy Marketing Mix Communication Guide Client Topics Pdf a try. Our experts have put a lot of knowledge and effort into creating this impeccable Overview Of Advertising Strategy Marketing Mix Communication Guide Client Topics Pdf. You can use this template for your upcoming presentations, as the slides are perfect to represent even the tiniest detail. You can download these templates from the Slidegeeks website and these are easy to edit. So grab these today Following slide provides summary of advertising strategy which can be used by business for increase brand awareness. It includes key elements such as advertising strategy description, multiple advertising strategies and advertising of advertising strategies.

This slide covers the need of introducing multichannel marketing within the company to increase brand awareness, improve lead quality, deliver personalized experience, increase sales, etc. Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative alternative distribution advertising platform need of introducing multi channel marketing mockup pdf bundle. Topics like traffic, awareness, personalized, drive increased can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

This slide covers the need of introducing multichannel marketing within the company to increase brand awareness, improve lead quality, deliver personalized experience, increase sales, etc. Deliver an awe inspiring pitch with this creative amalgamation marketing pitch deck need of introducing multi channel marketing introduction pdf bundle. Topics like traffic, awareness, personalized, drive increased can be discussed with this completely editable template. It is available for immediate download depending on the needs and requirements of the user.

This slide provides an overview of the importance of marketing campaigns to marketers. The benefits covered are increased brand awareness, attract potential customers, increase sales, make brand visible and showcase brand uniqueness.Slidegeeks is one of the best resources for PowerPoint templates. You can download easily and regulate Benefits Of Developing Effective Advertising Campaign Digital Promotional Campaign Elements Pdf for your personal presentations from our wonderful collection. A few clicks is all it takes to discover and get the most relevant and appropriate templates. Use our Templates to add a unique zing and appeal to your presentation and meetings. All the slides are easy to edit and you can use them even for advertisement purposes. This slide provides an overview of the importance of marketing campaigns to marketers. The benefits covered are increased brand awareness, attract potential customers, increase sales, make brand visible and showcase brand uniqueness.

This slide provides glimpse about need of affiliate marketing and how it can help our business organization for increasing customer awareness, interest and product demand. It includes benefits such as boost brand awareness, enhance social proof, etc. Find highly impressive Identifying Need Of Affiliate Paid Media Advertising For Optimizing Customer Portrait Pdf on Slidegeeks to deliver a meaningful presentation. You can save an ample amount of time using these presentation templates. No need to worry to prepare everything from scratch because Slidegeeks experts have already done a huge research and work for you. You need to download Identifying Need Of Affiliate Paid Media Advertising For Optimizing Customer Portrait Pdf for your upcoming presentation. All the presentation templates are 100 percent editable and you can change the color and personalize the content accordingly. Download now. This slide provides glimpse about need of affiliate marketing and how it can help our business organization for increasing customer awareness, interest and product demand. It includes benefits such as boost brand awareness, enhance social proof, etc.

Presenting this set of slides with name project context for youtube marketing proposal ppt powerpoint presentation icon display. This is a seven stage process. The stages in this process are brand awareness, improve reputation, brand seo, increase marketing, improve reputation. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Presenting this set of slides with name opportunities ppt powerpoint presentation summary outline. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are increase brand awareness, intensifying service, marketing efforts, increase brand loyalty. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Following slide showcases survey results to understand role of content strategy for successful website launch and awareness. It include pointers such as brand awareness, educate audience, build trust, increase customer loyalty etc. If your project calls for a presentation, then Slidegeeks is your go-to partner because we have professionally designed, easy-to-edit templates that are perfect for any presentation. After downloading, you can easily edit Survey Results To Determine Objectives Of Website Step By Step Guide Portrait PDF and make the changes accordingly. You can rearrange slides or fill them with different images. Check out all the handy templates Following slide showcases survey results to understand role of content strategy for successful website launch and awareness. It include pointers such as brand awareness, educate audience, build trust, increase customer loyalty etc.

This is a lead nurturing effectiveness layout ppt sample. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are upselling and cross selling, lead nurturing, driving awareness, lead generation, upselling and cross selling, driving awareness, lead nurturing, lead generation.

Presenting this set of slides with name emotional competence model for project success ppt summary introduction pdf. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are team leadership, relationship management, social awareness, self management, self awareness. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Presenting this set of slides with name leadership competencies with relationship management ppt summary graphics pictures pdf. This is a four stage process. The stages in this process are self awareness, self management, social awareness, relationship management. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Presenting this set of slides with name ways to develop emotional competence with relationship management ppt slides grid pdf. This is a five stage process. The stages in this process are inter personal, catalysts, intra personal, relationship management, social awareness energizers, self management, self awareness. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

Presenting this set of slides with name three phase workflow of situation monitoring ppt powerpoint presentation outline design inspiration pdf. This is a three stage process. The stages in this process are data capture, awareness perception, comprehension awareness, heuristics definition, analyzing application, determining problems. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. Download now and impress your audience.

The purpose of this slide is to showcase the OKR objectives and key results method to measure the percentage of goal achievement through the campaign. This includes several parameters such as brand awareness, increase in web traffic, brand audience, community engagement, and so on. Presenting Social Network Promotion Campaign Okr Method Ppt Model Graphics Template PDF to dispense important information. This template comprises nine stages. It also presents valuable insights into the topics including Promote Content, Brand Awareness, Increase Web Traffic. This is a completely customizable PowerPoint theme that can be put to use immediately. So, download it and address the topic impactfully.

This slide showcase the flowchart plan to attract customers by digital marketing to increase brand awareness and target potential customers with attractive offers. It include plan stages such as awareness, consideration, conversion and loyalty. Showcasing this set of slides titled Drip Email Marketing Plan To Retain Stakeholder Microsoft PDF. The topics addressed in these templates are Awareness, Consideration, Regeneration. All the content presented in this PPT design is completely editable. Download it and make adjustments in color, background, font etc. as per your unique business setting.

This slide exhibits the giveaway campaign conducted by marketers to create brand awareness and attract customers. The slide further covers steps to create social media giveaway campaign and contest ideas. Find highly impressive Social Media Marketing To Boost Create Giveaway Campaign To Influence Customers Background Pdf on Slidegeeks to deliver a meaningful presentation. You can save an ample amount of time using these presentation templates. No need to worry to prepare everything from scratch because Slidegeeks experts have already done a huge research and work for you. You need to download Social Media Marketing To Boost Create Giveaway Campaign To Influence Customers Background Pdf for your upcoming presentation. All the presentation templates are 100 percent editable and you can change the color and personalize the content accordingly. Download now. This slide exhibits the giveaway campaign conducted by marketers to create brand awareness and attract customers. The slide further covers steps to create social media giveaway campaign and contest ideas.

Purpose of the following slide is to show the gap analysis between companys current position in comparison to the target position .It includes factors like online presence, customer base, customer retention, brand awareness, etc. Slidegeeks is here to make your presentations a breeze with Online Marketing Techniques For Acquiring Clients Retail Strategy Gap Analysis Professional PDF With our easy to use and customizable templates, you can focus on delivering your ideas rather than worrying about formatting. With a variety of designs to choose from, you are sure to find one that suits your needs. And with animations and unique photos, illustrations, and fonts, you can make your presentation pop. So whether you are giving a sales pitch or presenting to the board, make sure to check out Slidegeeks first.